12/29/17

Was Jonah Swallowed by a Fish or a Whale? by Eric Lyons, M.Min.

http://apologeticspress.org/AllegedDiscrepancies.aspx?article=2830&b=Matthew

Was Jonah Swallowed by a Fish or a Whale?

by Eric Lyons, M.Min.

The book of Jonah reveals that “[t]he Lord had prepared a great fish to swallow up Jonah. And Jonah was in the belly of the fish three days and three nights” (1:17, emp. added). About 800 years later, Jesus alluded to this amazing event (Matthew 12:39-41). According to the King James translation of Matthew 12:40, Jesus referred to Jonah being “three days and three nights in the whale’s belly” (emp. added). Since fish and whales are different creatures, skeptics accuse Jesus and the Bible writers of making a mistake (cf. Wells, 2012). Longtime Bible critic Dennis McKinsey alleged that Matthew 12:40 is “[p]robably the most famous scientific error by Jesus” (1995, p. 142). “Apparently Jesus hadn’t read the Old Testament very closely… Anyone with even a minimum of biological knowledge knows that a whale is not a fish and a fish is not a whale” (pp. 142-143).
Such a criticism of Jesus and the Bible writers epitomizes the impotence of skeptics’ attacks on God and His Word. McKinsey bases his criticism solely on an English translation made nearly 1,600 years after Jesus spoke these words. The skeptic never bothered to compare translations. He never asked about the word that Jesus originally spoke or that Matthew recorded. He did nothing but make a cursory criticism that might sound sensible on the surface, yet with only a little investigation, is easily and rationally explained.
What was the underlying Greek word that is translated “whale” in the KJV (as well as a few other versions)? A brief look in various respected Greek dictionaries quickly reveals that the word is ketos and is defined broadly as a “large sea creature” (Newman, 1971, p. 100), “sea monster” (Danker, et al., 2000, p. 544), or “huge fish” (Vine, 1952, p. 209). Jesus indicated that Jonah was swallowed by a “large sea creature,” which was not necessarily a whale, but may have been.
Nearly 300 years before Jesus spoke of Jonah being swallowed by a ketos (Matthew 12:40), translators of the Septuagint (the Greek translation of the Old Testament) used this same Greek word (ketos) to translate the Hebrew word (dahg, fish) found in Jonah 1:17, 2:1, and 2:10. The fact is, as Hebrew and Greek scholar Jack Lewis concluded, both dahg and ketos“designate sea creatures of undefined species” (1976, 2:178). In no way did Jesus, the Creator of all things (John 1:3), make a mistake about what kind of animal God “had prepared” to swallow Jonah. The animal was a great sea creature, and not necessarily a great “fish” according to our modern, more limited, definition of the word. It may very well have been a type of fish (e.g., shark), water-living mammal (e.g., whale), or extinct, dinosaur-like, water-living reptile. We simply cannot be sure. As Dave Miller concluded: “Both the Hebrew and Greek languages lacked the precision to identify with specificity the identity of the creature that swallowed Jonah” (2003).
Finally, one crucial truth that many (especially the Bible critics) miss in a discussion about God and the Bible writers’ naming and classifying of animals is that God did not classify animals thousands of years ago according to our modern classification system. As far back as Creation, God divided animals into very basic, natural groups. He made aquatic and aerial creatures on day five and terrestrial animals on day six (Genesis 1:20-23,24-25). Just as God sensibly classified bats with “birds,” since they both fly (Leviticus 11:13-19; see Lyons, 2009), He could classify whales as “fish,” since they both maneuver by swimming. To accuse Jesus or the Bible writers of incorrectly categorizing an animal based upon Carolus Linnaeus’ 18th-century classification of animals, or any other modern method of classifying animals, is both illogical and unjust.
[NOTE: For more information on the Hebrew and Greek words dahg and ketos, see Miller, 2003.]

REFERENCES

Danker, Frederick William, William Arndt, and F.W. Gingrich, (2000), Greek-English Lexicon of the New Testament (Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press).
Lewis, Jack P. (1976), The Gospel According to Matthew (Austin, TX: Sweet).
Lyons, Eric (2009), “Did the Bible Writers Commit Biological Blunders?” Reason & Revelation, 29[7]:49-55, July.
McKinsey, Dennis (1995), The Encylopedia of Biblical Errancy (Amherst, NY: Prometheus).
Miller, Dave (2003), “Jonah and the ‘Whale’?” Apologetics Press, http://www.apologeticspress.org/apcontent.aspx?category=6&article=69.
Newman, Barclay M., Jr. (1971), A Concise Greek-English Dictionary of the New Testament (London: United Bible Societies).
Vine, W.E. (1952), An Expository Dictionary of New Testament Words (Old Tappan, NJ: Revell).
Wells, Steve (2012), Skeptic’s Annotated Bible, http://www.skepticsannotatedbible.com/contra/whale.html.

Walk humbly with your God by Roy Davison

http://www.oldpaths.com/Archive/Davison/Roy/Allen/1940/030-walkhumbly.html

 
Walk humbly with your God
“He has shown you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you but to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?” (Micah 6:8).

Worldly people do not humble themselves before God.
God sent Moses to Pharaoh with the message: “How long will you refuse to humble yourself before Me? Let My people go, that they may serve Me” (Exodus 10:3). When Moses first asked Pharaoh to let the people go, he had replied: “Who is the LORD, that I should obey His voice to let Israel go? I do not know the LORD, nor will I let Israel go” (Exodus 5:2).
God warns: “The one who has a haughty look and a proud heart, Him I will not endure” (Psalm 101:5). “I will punish the world for its evil, and the wicked for their iniquity; I will halt the arrogance of the proud, and will lay low the haughtiness of the terrible” (Isaiah 13:11).
“The lofty looks of man shall be humbled, the haughtiness of men shall be bowed down, and the LORD alone shall be exalted in that day. For the day of the LORD of hosts shall come upon everything proud and lofty, upon everything lifted up, and it shall be brought low” (Isaiah 2:11, 12).

When the wicked repent and humble themselves before God, He blesses them.
Because he refused to listen to the advice of older men, King Rehoboam had lost most of the kingdom Solomon had passed on to him (1 Kings 12:1-16). In the fifth year of his reign, because he and all Israel “forsook the law of the LORD” God allowed Shishak, king of Egypt, to conquer the fortified cities of Judah and to come as far as Jerusalem (2 Chronicles 12:1-4).
“Then Shemaiah the prophet came to Rehoboam and the leaders of Judah, who were gathered together in Jerusalem because
of Shishak, and said to them, 'Thus says the LORD: “You have forsaken Me, and therefore I also have left you in the hand of Shishak.”' So the leaders of Israel and the king humbled themselves; and they said, 'The LORD is righteous.' Now when the LORD saw that they humbled themselves, the word of the LORD came to Shemaiah, saying, 'They have humbled themselves; therefore I will not destroy them, but I will grant them some deliverance. My wrath shall not be poured out on Jerusalem by the hand of Shishak. Nevertheless they will be his servants, that they may distinguish My service from the service of the kingdoms of the nations'” (2 Chronicles 12:5-8).
Although God allowed Shishak to conquer Jerusalem and require tribute, Rehoboam was allowed to remain king. “When he humbled himself, the wrath of the LORD turned from him, so as not to destroy him completely; and things also went well in Judah” (2 Chronicles 12:12).

God exalts the humble and humbles the haughty.
This principle is taught throughout the Old Testament.
“The humble He guides in justice, and the humble He teaches His way” (Psalm 25:9).
“The LORD lifts up the humble; He casts the wicked down to the ground” (Psalm 147:6). “He will beautify the humble with salvation” (Psalm 149:4).
“Surely He scorns the scornful, but gives grace to the humble” (Proverbs 3:34).
“When pride comes, then comes shame; but with the humble is wisdom” (Proverbs 11:2).
“Before destruction the heart of a man is haughty, and before honor is humility” (Proverbs 18:12).
“For thus says the High and Lofty One Who inhabits eternity, whose name is Holy: 'I dwell in the high and holy place, with him who has a contrite and humble spirit, to revive the spirit of the humble, and to revive the heart of the contrite ones'” (Isaiah 57:15).
Various examples are given.
“Now the man Moses was very humble, more than all men who were on the face of the earth” (Numbers 12:3).
He told Israel: “And you shall remember that the LORD your God led you all the way these forty years in the wilderness, to humble you and test you, to know what was in your heart, whether you would keep His commandments or not. So He humbled you, allowed you to hunger, and fed you with manna which you did not know nor did your fathers know, that He might make you know that man shall not live by bread alone; but man lives by every word that proceeds from the mouth of the LORD” (Deuteronomy 8:2, 3).
God promised Solomon that He would forgive the people when they repented and humbled themselves: “When I shut up heaven and there is no rain, or command the locusts to devour the land, or send pestilence among My people, if My people who are called by My name will humble themselves, and pray and seek My face, and turn from their wicked ways, then I will hear from heaven, and will forgive their sin and heal their land” (2 Chronicles 7:13, 14).
King Hezekiah restored correct worship in Judah. He also encouraged the ten tribes of Israel to return to the Lord. Most of them laughed his messengers to scorn, but a few listened: “Nevertheless some from Asher, Manasseh, and Zebulun humbled themselves and came to Jerusalem” (2 Chronicles 30:10, 11).
After reigning for 14 years, Hezekiah had become proud and God decided to end his life. But when he humbled himself, God extended his life for 15 more years. “But Hezekiah did not repay according to the favor shown him, for his heart was lifted up; therefore wrath was looming over him and over Judah and Jerusalem. Then Hezekiah humbled himself for the pride of his heart, he and the inhabitants of Jerusalem, so that the wrath of the LORD did not come upon them in the days of Hezekiah” (2 Chronicles 32:25, 26).
Ezra and the people, when returning from Babylonian captivity, humbled themselves before God and asked for His protection: “Then I proclaimed a fast there at the river of Ahava, that we might humble ourselves before our God, to seek from Him the right way for us and our little ones and all our possessions. For I was ashamed to request of the king an escort of soldiers and horsemen to help us against the enemy on the road, because we had spoken to the king, saying, 'The hand of our God is upon all those for good who seek Him, but His power and His wrath are against all those who forsake Him.' So we fasted and entreated our God for this, and He answered our prayer” (Ezra 8:21-23).

The New Testament also instructs us to walk humbly with God.
“Humble yourselves in the sight of the Lord, and He will lift you up” (James 4:10).
Jesus said: “Whoever humbles himself as this little child is the greatest in the kingdom of heaven” (Matthew 18:4). “And whoever exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted” (Matthew 23:12).
“Also He spoke this parable to some who trusted in themselves that they were righteous, and despised others: 'Two men went up to the temple to pray, one a Pharisee and the other a tax collector. The Pharisee stood and prayed thus with himself, “God, I thank You that I am not like other men - extortioners, unjust, adulterers, or even as this tax collector. I fast twice a week; I give tithes of all that I possess.” And the tax collector, standing afar off, would not so much as raise his eyes to heaven, but beat his breast, saying, “God, be merciful to me a sinner!” I tell you, this man went down to his house justified rather than the other; for everyone who exalts himself will be humbled, and he who humbles himself will be exalted” (Luke 18:9-14).
Paul wrote: “Do not set your mind on high things, but associate with the humble. Do not be wise in your own opinion” (Romans 12:16).
“Let this mind be in you which was also in Christ Jesus, who, being in the form of God, did not consider it robbery to be equal with God, but made Himself of no reputation, taking the form of a bondservant, and coming in the likeness of men. And being found in appearance as a man, He humbled Himself and became obedient to the point of death, even the death of the cross. Therefore God also has highly exalted Him and given Him the name which is above every name, that at the name of Jesus every knee should bow, of those in heaven, and of those on earth, and of those under the earth, and that every tongue should confess that Jesus Christ is Lord, to the glory of God the Father” (Philippians 2:5-11).
“Therefore, as the elect of God, holy and beloved, put on tender mercies, kindness, humility, meekness, longsuffering” (Colossians 3:12).
Peter admonishes: “Yes, all of you be submissive to one another, and be clothed with humility, for 'God resists the proud, but gives grace to the humble.' Therefore humble yourselves under the mighty hand of God, that He may exalt you in due time” (1 Peter 5:5, 6).
Worldly people do not humble themselves before God. If they repent, however, and humble themselves, He blesses them. God's people humble themselves before God and submit to His will. God exalts the humble and humbles the haughty.“He has shown you, O man, what is good; and what does the LORD require of you but to do justly, to love mercy, and to walk humbly with your God?” (Micah 6:8).
Roy Davison
The Scripture quotations in this article are from
The New King James Version. ©1979,1980,1982, Thomas Nelson Inc., Publishers.
Permission for reference use has been granted.
Published in The Old Paths Archive
(http://www.oldpaths.com)

Now and then by Gary Rose


As I took Pal for a walk this morning, it was cold; I could feel it on my face so much that it took quite awhile to warm up after I came back into the house. Now, this is Florida and of course there is no snow, but I must say that the cold did feel invigorating and it is a nice change from being 90 degrees every day. But, having said all this- something was missing, something wonderful. The beauty I remember from upper New York State, the beauty (and the wonder) of that first snow of winter. Now, that is something to remember in the Sunshine state!!!

Make no mistake, winter can be beautiful, just like this picture that brother Ed Healy posted on Facebook some time ago. It does bring back memories of the past, but what of the future? Will I ever see snow again? Perhaps, but probably not!

But, I will see beauty....


Psalm 27 (WEB)

  1 Yahweh is my light and my salvation. 

Whom shall I fear? 
Yahweh is the strength of my life. Of whom shall I be afraid? 



  2 When evildoers came at me to eat up my flesh, 
even my adversaries and my foes, they stumbled and fell. 



  3 Though an army should encamp against me, 
my heart shall not fear. 
Though war should rise against me, even then I will be confident. 



  4 One thing I have asked of Yahweh, that I will seek after: 
that I may dwell in Yahweh’s house all the days of my life, 
to see Yahweh’s beauty, and to inquire in his temple. 
(emphasis added, vs. 4)
This Psalm, written by David, remembers the past and looks forward to the future. And that past and the coming future is with God. It is not coincidental that David uses God's memorial name, Yahweh. Yahweh is God's personal name for the Israelites to use. It signifies a closeness and David was no stranger to God, for he was a man after God's own heart. God was with him in the here and now and David looked forward to the future of being even closer to God.

I wonder how many people who read this post can say the same?

12/28/17

Flexible Date Bible Reading Plan


In a few days it will be 2018; wow, who knew the year would fly by so quickly. As the new year approaches, many of us are in the process of selecting a new reading plan. I have provided several choices- just click on the following link: Flexible Date Bible Reading Plan.

What makes this link a bit unique is that it downloads a worksheet that allows you to change the starting date. Over the years, I have tried many different reading plans and after awhile realized that I have chosen a plan that was not right for me. What do I do then; most plans start on January 1? With this spreadsheet, I just change the date and choose another plan. Bingo, a fresh start.

I wish you success in whatever plan you choose and pray your reading will help you grow as a Christian!!!

As Ever, 

Gary


12/27/17

"THE EPISTLE TO THE EPHESIANS" Blessings Involving The Son (1:7-12) by Mark Copeland 


                     "THE EPISTLE TO THE EPHESIANS"

                  Blessings Involving The Son (1:7-12)

INTRODUCTION

1. We saw in the previous lesson that Paul starts his epistle to the 
   Ephesians with praising God for the spiritual riches (blessings) that
   we have in Christ - Ep 1:3

2. Throughout Ep 1:4-14 Paul lists some of these wonderful blessings
   that are ours, and in verses 4-6 we saw those blessings which 
   center around the Father, how that we who are in Christ are:
   a. "Chosen by God", to be holy and without blame before Him in love 
      (1:4)
   b. "Predestined by God", to receive the adoption as sons of God 
      (1:5-6a)
   c. "Accepted by God", that is, to be highly favored by Him (1:6b)

3. How is it that we who are sinners are so blessed by God?
   a. The answer is hinted at in verses 4-6 by the repeated reference
      to Christ:
      1) "chose us IN HIM"
      2) "adoption as sons BY JESUS CHRIST"
      3) "made us accepted IN THE BELOVED"
   b. Thus it is only in and through Jesus Christ that we can receive 
      these wonderful blessings! (remember 1:3)

4. This becomes even clearer as we now consider verses 7-12, as Paul 
   expands upon "Blessings Involving The Son"...
   a. Please note that the distinction being made between blessings 
      involving the Father, Son, and Holy Spirit is a narrow one
   b. For truly each of the blessings described usually involve two or 
      more Persons in the Godhead
   c. But for memorization purposes it can be helpful to divide up the 
      blessings in the way we have done

[The first blessing we notice in this section is that through His 
Son...]

I. GOD HAS REDEEMED US (7a)

   A. DEFINING "REDEMPTION"...
      1. The Greek word is apolutrosis {ap-ol-oo'-tro-sis}
      2. It means "a releasing effected by payment of ransom"
      3. As Hendriksen defines it, "deliverance as a result of the
         payment of a ransom"
      4. Hendriksen goes on to suggest that this "redemption" implies:
         a. "emancipation...from the guilt, punishment, and power of
            sin" - cf. Jn 8:34; Ro 7:14; Ga 3:13
         b. "restoration to true liberty" - cf. Jn 8:36

   B. OUR REDEMPTION IS "THROUGH HIS (CHRIST'S) BLOOD"...
      1. The purchase price paid in order to redeem us was the blood of
         Jesus - cf. 1Pe 1:18-19
      2. By His death on the cross, Jesus has paid the price to deliver 
         us from the bondage of sin, for which He deserves our highest 
         praise! - cf. Re 5:9, 12

[We now see how God could carry out His choice to have a people who are 
holy and without blame, adopted as sons unto Him, when all He had to 
work with were "sinners".  Through the death of Jesus and the shedding 
of His blood, God was just to "redeem" or "deliver" sinners from the 
bondage of sin!

There is another way to express what God has done to make it possible
for us to be "holy and without blame before Him in love", and that is, 
through His Son...]

II. GOD HAS FORGIVEN US (7b-8)

   A. DEFINING "FORGIVENESS"...
      1. The Greek word is aphesis {af'-es-is}, and it's shades of 
         meaning include:
         a. "release from bondage or imprisonment"
         b. "forgiveness or pardon, of sins (letting them go as if they
            had never been committed), remission of the penalty"
      2. With the shedding of Jesus' blood, it is now possible to be 
         "forgiven", that is, "pardoned" so that we are no longer guilty
         of or imprisoned by sin

   B. WHAT HAS BEEN FORGIVEN ARE OUR "SINS" (TRESPASSES)...
      1. The Greek word here is paraptoma, {par-ap'-to-mah}
         a. Lit., it means "a side-slip (lapse or deviation)"
         b. Thus it refers to (unintentional) error or (willful) 
            transgression
      2. The very sort of things (faults, offenses, sins, trespasses) 
         that would keep us from being "holy and without blame"
      3. Through Jesus' blood, we can obtain "pardon" from such things,
         and be "holy and without blame"!

   C. THE BASIS FOR BOTH "REDEMPTION" AND "FORGIVENESS" IS GOD'S GRACE...
      1. "according to the riches of His grace" - 7c
      2. "which He made to abound toward us" - 8a
      3. As Paul told Titus, it is by God's mercy and grace we are
         justified - Tit 3:3-7
      4. This wonderful grace is manifested by God in all...
         a. "wisdom" - from the Greek word sophia, {sof-ee'-ah}
            1) Defined by Hendriksen as "that ability to apply knowledge
               to the best advantage, enabling a person to use the most 
               effective means for the attainment of the highest goal"
            2) In God's case, His wisdom is often beyond the capability
               of man to find out on his own - cf. Ro 11:33
         b. "prudence" - from the Greek word phronesis {fron'-ay-sis}
            1) Meaning "mental action or activity, i.e. intellectual or 
               moral insight: prudence, wisdom."
            2) With much thought God has chosen to show His grace toward
               us!

[According to His wisdom, prudence, and grace, God has provided 
"redemption" and "forgiveness" through the blood of His dear Son!

But there is more!  While God's wisdom is often beyond the ability of 
man to find out on his own, through His Son...]

III. GOD HAS REVEALED HIS WILL TO US (9-10)

   A. "HE HAS MADE KNOWN TO THE MYSTERY OF HIS WILL"...
      1. As explained by Paul later in this epistle (cf. Ep 3:3-5),
         this "mystery"...
         a. Was not made known to mankind in other ages - 3:5a
         b. But has now been revealed by the Spirit to the apostles and 
            prophets - 3:5b; Ro 16:25-27
      2. Making known the "mystery of His will" is due to "His good 
         pleasure which He purposed in Himself"
         a. It pleased God in planning to reveal His will to us
         b. Just as it please God in predetermining to adopt us as sons 
            through Jesus Christ - 1:5

   B. THE "WILL OF GOD" THAT IS NOW REVEALED PERTAINS TO WHAT GOD HAD
      PLANNED TO ACCOMPLISH IN JESUS CHRIST...
      1. God's "plan" was to be carried out "in the dispensation of the
         fullness of the times"
         a. I.e., in the period of time when everything is right and 
            ready - cf. Ga 4:4-5
         b. Hendriksen suggests that the reference is to the entire New 
            Testament era...
            1) Particularly to the period which began with Christ's 
               resurrection and coronation
            2) But not ending until the Lord, upon His glorious return, 
               pronounces and executes judgment (New Testament 
               Commentary, Exposition of Ephesians, pp. 85-86)
      2. God's "plan" was to "gather together in one all things in 
         Christ..."
         a. B. W. Johnson comments:  "He might gather in one all things
            in Christ. That the scattered families and tribes of men, 
            both Jews and Gentiles, should all be gathered and united 
            under one head, Christ. Nay, not only men, but angels..."
         b. Paul elaborates upon this thought in Ep 2:16, and in 
            Col 1:19-22
            1) By the death of Christ, Jew and Gentile can become one 
               body
            2) By the blood of the cross, God is able to reconcile all 
               things to Himself
            3) The ultimate consequence of this "reconciliation" is that
               we might be presented "holy, and blameless, and 
               irreproachable in His sight" - Col 1:22; cf. Ep 1:4

[Finally, we also learn that through the Son....]

IV. GOD HAS GIVEN US AN INHERITANCE (11-12)

   A. "OBTAINED AN INHERITANCE" OR "MADE A HERITAGE"?
      1. Some translations and scholars understand that verse 11
         should read "we were made a heritage", speaking of God's 
         inheritance, with an appeal to:
         a. Ep 1:14b - where Paul speaks of "the redemption of the 
            purchased possession"
         b. Ep 1:18c - where Paul speaks of "His inheritance"
      2. Reasons for accepting the rendering found in the KJV and NKJV 
         are offered by Hendriksen:
         a. The immediate context speaks of "our inheritance" 
            - Ep 1:14a
         b. In the NT "the inheritance" is ever said to be "ours" or 
            "intended for us" - Ac 20:32; Ga 3:18; Col 3:24; He 9:15; 
            1Pe 1:4 (including Ep 1:18c, where "His inheritance" 
            can mean that which God is giving to us)
         c. Ep 1:5 speaks of "adoption as sons", and in Ro 8:15-17 
            Paul connects the idea of adoption with that of being heirs
         d. In an epistle with many similarities to Ephesians, Paul 
            certainly speaks of how we are "heirs" - Col 1:12

   B. THIS INHERITANCE IS PART OF GOD'S "PREDESTINATION"...
      1. Just as God "predetermined" that those in Christ would receive 
         "adoption as sons" (Ep 1:5), so He "predetermined" that His 
         "sons" would receive an "inheritance"!
      2. This is in accordance with God's grand "purpose", who has the 
         power to "work all things according to the counsel of His will"

   C. THE FINAL RESULT IN RECEIVING THIS INHERITANCE...
      1. "that we...should be to the praise of His glory" 
         a. That "those in Christ" (and what God has made them) will be 
            a reason to give God glory
         b. As Paul wrote the Thessalonians:  "that the name of our Lord
            Jesus Christ may be glorified in you..." - 2Th 1:12
      2. Some understand that Paul is now beginning to distinguish 
         between those like himself (Jewish believers) and those like 
         his readers (Gentile believers), for a reason that will become 
         clear later (cf. Ep 2:11-22)
         a. For Paul speaks of "we who first trusted" in verse 12...
         b. ...and then says "you also trusted" in verse 13
      3. Even if so, one cannot make too much of this distinction...
         a. Because all that is said in verses 3-11 (where "we" is 
            found) applies to Gentile believers
         b. And all that is said in verses 13-14 (where "you" is 
            found) applies to Jewish believers also

CONCLUSION

1. In Christ, then, we have every reason to praise God, knowing that...
   a. God has redeemed us (7a)
   b. God has forgiven us (7b-8)
   c. God has revealed His Will to us (9-10)
   d. God has given us an inheritance (11-12)

2. But there is even more!  And in the next lesson we shall examine what
   that is, as we consider "Blessings Involving The Holy Spirit"

For the time being, have you experienced that wonderful redemption, the
forgiveness of sins, through the blood of Jesus?  The apostle Peter
tells how we can in Ac 2:36-41...


Executable Outlines, Copyright © Mark A. Copeland, 2016

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Does Human Fallibility Imply a Fallible Bible? by Brad Bromling, D.Min.

http://apologeticspress.org/APContent.aspx?category=13&article=1358

Does Human Fallibility Imply a Fallible Bible?

by Brad Bromling, D.Min.
Humanity is broken. Few would deny the biblical affirmation: “all have sinned and fall short of the glory of God” (Romans 3:23). All people stand in need of redemption and are incapable of currying God's favor by their own imperfect efforts (Ephesians 2:3-9; Galatians 3:22). Even for those who “walk in the light” (1 John 1:7) personal sin remains a reality (1 John 1:10-2:1). The question, “Are Christians sinners who are forgiven or saints who sin?,” bespeaks the perplexity that saved people feel in the face of their daily struggles with the evil one (Saucy, 1995). This realization has driven some people to wonder whether it is even possible for the Bible to be infallible, since fallible humans were employed in its production.

WHO WROTE THE BIBLE?

The belief that Moses wrote the first five books of the Bible has a long, venerable history. Although some conservative scholars are willing to grant that Moses may have employed ancient cuneiform tablets in his composition of Genesis (Harrison, 1969, p. 548), the case favoring his personal authorship of the Pentateuch is quite compelling (Archer, 1974, pp. 109-123). Moses was a man who at times was given to self-doubt, frustration, anger, and disobedience (Exodus 2:12; 3:11; 32:19; Numbers 20:10-13). Could he, with all his fallibilities, have written an infallible record of the first 2,500 years of sacred history?
The great giant-fighter, David, is credited with the authorship of much of the Psalter. As the sweet psalmist of Israel, his songs have inspired millions to rely on God when everyone else proves unreliable. Countless saints have been laid to rest under the comforting lyrics of Psalm 23. And yet, the shepherd-king had bloodstained hands. He fell prey to lust, deceit, and even murder. Could such a man compose poetic verses for an infallible volume?
The all-too-carnal actions of God’s prophets, priests, and kings embarrassingly remind us of humankind’s hopeless condition. Even apostles were unable to rise above the charge of sin and the threat of condemnation (Galatians 2:11). Is it reasonable to believe that sinners such as these—with the same penchant for error as the rest of us—collectively produced a volume that can be trusted?
One might even wonder how a book could at the same time be both of human and divine origin. Mechanical dictation (the view that the Bible’s human authors were totally passive and acted like a computer that converts voice input into typed words) has long been rejected as unsatisfactory (see Paché, 1969, pp. 66-70). The obvious stylistic differences between biblical writers have been the major objection to this view. In principle, the dictation view would be unable to alleviate the possibility of fallibility anyway, since it still requires some human involvement; if human involvement is inherently problematic, then anything short of God’s actually writing Scripture and handing it to humanity as a finished product would be suspect. The biblical writers do not shy away from ascribing human authorship to the Scriptures, which they viewed as of divine origin (Luke 24:27; Acts 4:25; 2 Peter 3:15). For them, human participation did not diminish Scripture’s divine authority (Acts 1:16; 2 Timothy 3:16; Mark 12:36; Matthew 19:4-5). Would their confidence have been so strong had they believed the Scriptures were fallible?

MUST HUMANS ERR?

The error-prone condition of humans and the imperfections of their handiwork, might lead us to the natural but incorrect conclusion that error, sin, and brokenness is inextricably inherent in being human. While it is true that nothing originating in humanity is sufficient to deal with the universal problem of sin, it is false to view sin as part of the essential definition of humanity. It is helpful to understand the difference between “truly essential” and “merely common” properties. Gerald O’Collins illustrates this point:
Until recently all human beings were conceived within their mother’s body. With the advent of in vitro fertilization, we now know that being conceived within our mother’s body is a common property but not an essential one (1995, p. 269).
While sin certainly is a “common property,” it is not essential to humanity. In their original state, Adam and Eve were sinless. Yet, they were nonetheless fully human. Sin amounts to a departure from the ideal humanity God intended for us. Since sin is not inherent in the definition of “human,” human involvement in the writing of Scripture does not demand that it is fallible.

AN ANALOGY FROM THE LIVING WORD

The incarnation of Jesus provides a helpful analogy to understanding the inspiration of Scripture. The New Testament writers unhesitatingly affirmed three propositions about Jesus: He was divine (John 1:1-3); He was human (Galatians 4:4); and, He was sinless (1 Peter 2:22). Just because the Savior was human, and bore the likeness of “sinful flesh” (Romans 8:3), does not imply that He sinned. Instead, Jesus’ sinlessness reminds us of the original state of Adam (see Romans 5:12-19; 1 Corinthians 15:22,45; Hebrews 4:15; 1 Timothy 2:5). Like the Living Word, we might say the written Word is both fully human and fully divine. Clearly, if God could produce a human being (Jesus) Who was infallible, then, reasonably, God could also produce a “human” book that is infallible (see Geisler and Brooks, 1990, p. 152). How this was accomplished has not been revealed. Apparently, like the prophets of old, all biblical writers were “borne” along by the Holy Spirit in their writing (2 Peter 1:21).

REFERENCES

Archer, Gleason L., (1974), Old Testament Introduction (Chicago, IL: Moody Press, revised edition).
Geisler, Norman and Ron Brooks, (1990), When Skeptics Ask (Wheaton, IL: Victor).
Harrison, R.K. (1969), Introduction to the Old Testament (Grand Rapids, MI: Eerdmans).
O'Collins, Gerald, (1995), Christology (New York, NY: Oxford University Press).
Paché, René (1969), The Inspiration and Authority of Scripture (Chicago, IL: Moody).
Saucy, Robert L. (1995), “ ‘Sinners’ Who Are Forgiven or ‘Saints’ Who Sin?,” Bibliotheca Sacra, 152:400-412, October-December.

God’s Longsuffering is Not Eternal by Eric Lyons, M.Min.

http://apologeticspress.org/APContent.aspx?category=12&article=791

God’s Longsuffering is Not Eternal

by Eric Lyons, M.Min.
One of God’s most encouraging attributes is His longsuffering. The merciful patience of God Almighty gives His redeemed, albeit imperfect, church hope and support. Immediately following a reminder to the Christians in Rome that the Old Testament was “written for our learning, that we through the patience and comfort of the Scriptures might have hope,” Paul referred to God as “the God of patience and comfort” (Romans 15:4-5). Throughout the Old Testament, Bible writers portrayed God as longsuffering (meaning, “to suffer long with”), especially in His dealings with the Israelites, who constantly rejected His guidance (cf. Numbers 13-14; 16; 21:4-9). Jesus and the New Testament apostles and prophets also spent ample time magnifying God’s merciful patience (cf. Romans 2:4; 1 Peter 3:20). The apostle Peter wrote: “The Lord is not slack concerning His promise [of Jesus’ Second Coming], as some count slackness, but is longsufferingtoward us, not willing that any should perish but that all should come to repentance” (2 Peter 3:9, emp. added).
Unfortunately, the picture of God often painted in the 21st century seems to leave the impression that God’s longsuffering will go on forever. Portraits of God’s justice and vengeance often are neglected (Hebrews 10:26-39; Romans 12:19), while His compassionate patience toward sinners is so accentuated that God’s longsuffering is transformed into an eternal patience. Such a concept, however, stands in stark contradistinction to God’s revealed will.
The fact is, God will judge the world one day (Acts 17:30-31), and He will take “vengeance on those who do not know God, and on those who do not obey the gospel of our Lord Jesus Christ. These shall be punished with everlasting destruction from the presence of the Lord and from the glory of His power” (2 Thessalonians 1:8-9). His longsuffering is not an “eternal” suffering. The ungodly people of Noah’s day learned this point. God delayed His destruction of the world by water for many years (perhaps as many as 120 years; cf. Genesis 6:3) while Noah preached righteousness to them (2 Peter 2:5). Eventually, however, God’s longsuffering came to an end. Centuries later, God again revealed His mercy and longsuffering when He conversed with Abraham about Sodom and Gomorrah. Six times Abraham petitioned God not to destroy Sodom (Genesis 18:23-33), and six times God agreed to spare the city from His vengeance, even if as few as ten righteous people were found therein.
Time and again, God has dealt patiently with sinful mankind. Yet, we must recognize that God’s longsuffering with sinners eventually ends. It ended in the days of Noah. It ended for Sodom and Gomorrah in the days of Abraham. And, it eventually will end for all the unfaithful when Jesus returns (2 Peter 3:10). God most certainly is longsuffering, but such forbearance with wayward saints and alien sinners will end one day. “Watch therefore, for you know neither the day nor the hour in which the Son of Man is coming” (Matthew 25:13).
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