How is the Old Testament organized?
In modern English translations of the Old Testament, the 39
books fall into five main divisions: Books of Moses, History, Poetry,
Major Prophets, and Minor Prophets. The number of books in each division
turns out to be rather easy to remember: 5-12-5-5-12:
- Books of Moses “ Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy.
- History “ Joshua, Judges, Ruth, 1 and 2 Samuel, 1 and 2 Kings, 1 and 2 Chronicles, Ezra, Nehemiah, Esther.
- Poetry “ Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon
- Major Prophets “ Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Ezekiel, Daniel
- Minor Prophets “ Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah, Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi
Memorize the books in each division, because it will greatly aid you
when you are trying to look up a reference. (See resource available
below under “Want to go deeper?”)
Want to go a little deeper? The Jews count 24 books, not 39, for they
combine the books of Samuel, Kings, Chronicles, Ezra/Nehemiah and the
Minor Prophets into one book each. The Jews call the Hebrew Scriptures
the “TaNaKh,” an acrostic of the initial letters of terms designating
its three parts: Torah (the Law of Moses), Nebiim (the Prophets), and Khethubim (the Writings). The first two of these correspond to what Jesus calls “The Law and the Prophets” (Matthew 7:12) or “Moses and the Prophets” (Luke 16:29, 31; 24:27). On at least one occasion, in referring to “The Law of Moses, the Prophets, and the Psalms” (Luke 24:44), Jesus may have lumped all of the writings in the third category under “Psalms,” the Writings’ largest book.
The Jewish division of books is as follows:
- The Law (of Moses) “ Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy
- The Prophets
- The Former Prophets “ Joshua, Judges, Samuel, and Kings
- The Latter Prophets “ Isaiah, Jeremiah, Ezekiel, and the Twelve Minor Prophets
- The Writings “ Ruth, Psalms, Job, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, Song of Solomon, Lamentations, Daniel, Esther, Ezra-Nehemiah, and Chronicles
Want to go deeper? The following are recommended to help you learn the books of the Bible and know the content of each
Online resources:
Intro. to each book of the Bible (from The NIV Study Bible)
Many thanks to brother Steve Singleton, for allowing me to post from his website, deeperstudy.com.